隐源性卒中

在大约四分之一的缺血性中风中，病因尚不确定，因为调查不完整或延误，因为有多种原因，或因为中风是真正的隐源性。隐源性中风可进一步分为非栓塞性或栓塞性。不明原因的栓塞性中风可由阵发性心房颤动、轻微栓塞性心脏病、动脉粥样栓塞、经卵圆孔未闭（PFO）或较少发生肺瘘的癌症相关和反常栓塞所致。目前，控制危险因素、他汀类药物和抗血小板是预防脑卒中复发的主要治疗措施。目前还没有证据表明在隐源性卒中患者中实施PFO常规闭合。直接抗凝剂正在随机对照试验中进行评估，包括不明来源患者的栓塞性中风。颅外和颅内血管、心脏和长时间心律监测的高分辨率超声或磁共振成像的进展将是确定中风的动脉和心脏潜在原因的工具技术。

关键词：癌症；心脏监测；隐源性；不明原因栓塞性中风；阵发性心房颤动；卵圆孔未闭；不明原因。

In about a quarter of ischaemic strokes the cause is undetermined, because the investigation is incomplete or delayed, because there are multiple causes or because the stroke is truly cryptogenic. Cryptogenic stroke can be further classified as non-embolic or embolic. Embolic stroke of undetermined source can be due to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, minor emboligenic cardiac conditions, atheroembolism, cancer associated and paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or less often a pulmonary fistula. Currently, risk factor control, statins and antiplatelets are the main therapeutic measures to prevent recurrent stroke. There is no evidence to implement routine closure of PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Direct anticoagulants are being evaluated in randomized controlled trials including embolic stroke of undetermined source patients. Advances in high resolution ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging of extracranial and intracranial vessels and of the heart and prolonged heart rhythm monitoring will be instrumental techniques to identify arterial and cardiac hidden causes of stroke.

       Keywords:                        cancer; cardiac monitoring; cryptogenic; embolic stroke of undetermined source; paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; patent foramen ovale; undetermined cause.

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Eur J Neurol

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. 2015 Apr;22(4):618-23.    

       doi: 10.1111/ene.12673.                                    Epub 2015 Jan 18.                      

Cryptogenic Stroke

A C Fonseca               1            , J M Ferro  

Affiliations

•            PMID:            25597418    

•            DOI:                  10.1111/ene.12673